Do buyers abandon carts more if pop-ups appear too aggressive?

As a Shopify store owner in the fashion industry, I've been wrestling with cart abandonment for months. My conversion rates hover around 2-3%, which feels painfully low considering the money I'm spending on Facebook and Instagram ads. I've tried various pop-ups and discount strategies, but something always feels off. Sometimes these interruptions seem to push customers away rather than draw them closer. I'm constantly asking myself: Are these pop-ups helping or hurting? When I see a potential customer browse multiple products, add something to their cart, and then suddenly exit, I can't help but wonder if my well-intentioned conversion tactics are actually creating friction. The psychology of online shopping is complex—one wrong move can transform a promising sale into a lost opportunity. I need a solution that feels natural, respects the customer's journey, and doesn't make them feel bombarded or manipulated. My goal isn't just to show a discount; it's to create a smooth, intuitive buying experience that feels personalized and genuine.